{"id":6102,"date":"2025-11-23T08:14:52","date_gmt":"2025-11-23T02:44:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/?p=6102"},"modified":"2025-12-08T19:20:02","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T13:50:02","slug":"12thpsebhindinotesl14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/12thpsebhindinotesl14\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092a\u093e\u0920 14: \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0930\u0902\u0917 (\u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e) – \u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0921\u094b\u0917\u0930\u093e"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/form>\r\n\t
\r\n\t\tDownload article as PDF<\/a>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>

\u092a\u093e\u0920<\/span> 14: <\/span>\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span> (<\/span>\u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span>) – <\/span>\u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0921\u094b\u0917\u0930\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n

\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917<\/span> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/span> 1<\/span> \u0916\u094b<\/span> \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0935\u0939<\/span> \u092a\u0917\u0921\u0902\u0921\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0926\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0935\u0939<\/span> \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947<\/span> \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u092e\u0941\u091d<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0940<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917<\/span>:<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924<\/span> \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/span> \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/span> 12′ <\/span>\u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0921\u094b\u0917\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span>‘ <\/span>\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0907\u0928<\/span> \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947<\/span> \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u091c<\/span>, <\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0916\u094b<\/span> \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u0930<\/span> \u0926\u0941\u0903\u0916<\/span> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span>:<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0905\u095e\u0938\u094b\u0938<\/span> \u091c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093f<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/span> \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935<\/span> \u0905\u092c<\/span> \u0916\u094b<\/span> \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0935\u0939<\/span> \u092a\u0917\u0921\u0902\u0921\u0940<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u0916\u094b<\/span> \u0917\u0908<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>, <\/span>\u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0935\u0947<\/span> \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0926\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c<\/span> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e<\/span> \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u0905\u092c<\/span> \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/span> \u0930\u0939\u093e<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u0935\u0939\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span> \u0925\u093e<\/span> \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947<\/span> \u0939\u0941\u090f<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0940<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0907\u0928<\/span> \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093f<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u091c\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0939\u094c\u0932<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0939\u0940<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0940<\/span>, <\/span>\u091c\u094b<\/span> \u0905\u092c<\/span> \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/span> \u0939\u094b<\/span> \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/span> 2 <\/span> \u0905\u092c<\/span> \u0936\u0939\u0930<\/span> …… <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/span> … <\/span>\u0917\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0916\u094b<\/span> \u0917\u090f<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

\u091c\u094b<\/span> \u0917\u0941\u092a\u091a\u0941\u092a<\/span> \u0906\u0935\u093e\u091c<\/span> \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947<\/span> \u0925\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0924\u094b<\/span> \u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u0925\u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0927\u0942\u0932<\/span> \u0938\u0928\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u093e\u0901\u0935<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/span>…<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0906\u0917\u094b\u0936<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u093f\u092e\u091f<\/span> \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0940<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917<\/span>:<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924<\/span> \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/span> \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/span> 12′ <\/span>\u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span>\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0921\u094b\u0917\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span>‘ <\/span>\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0907\u0928<\/span> \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0935\u091f<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e<\/span> \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/span> \u0906\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092f<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span>:<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093f<\/span> \u0905\u092c<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932<\/span> \u0936\u0939\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0917\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/span> \u0939\u0940<\/span> \u092c\u091a\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0935\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u0916\u094b<\/span> \u0917\u090f<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>, <\/span>\u091c\u094b<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u091a\u0941\u092a\u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0906\u0935\u093e\u095b<\/span> \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947<\/span> \u0925\u0947<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u091c\u092c<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0915<\/span> \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0940\u0902<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u0948\u0930<\/span> \u0927\u0942\u0932<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u0928\u0947<\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947<\/span> \u0925\u0947<\/span>, <\/span>\u0924\u094b<\/span> \u0935\u0947<\/span> \u0909\u0928<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0917\u094b\u0926<\/span> (\u0906\u0917\u094b\u0936<\/span>) <\/span>\u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u093f\u092e\u091f<\/span> \u091c\u093e\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0940\u0902<\/span>, <\/span>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u091c\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0925\u093e<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/span> 3: <\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0935\u0939<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span> \u0918\u0930<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940<\/span> \u0908\u0902\u091f<\/span> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/span> \u0939\u0930<\/span> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/span> \u092c\u095c\u0940<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u092c\u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span>… <\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u091a\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0940<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0925\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947<\/span> \u0939\u093e\u0925<\/span>…..<\/span> \u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917<\/span>:<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924<\/span> \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/span> \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/span> 12′ <\/span>\u092e\u0947\u0902 <\/span>\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0921\u094b\u0917\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span>‘ <\/span>\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0907\u0928<\/span> \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0909\u0938<\/span> \u0918\u0930<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u091c\u094b<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u091c<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u092d\u0930\u0947<\/span> \u0925\u0947<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span>:<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947<\/span> \u0918\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u092f\u093e\u0926<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>, <\/span>\u091c\u094b<\/span> \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947<\/span> \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0928\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940<\/span> \u0908\u0902\u091f<\/span> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e<\/span> \u0925\u093e<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0907\u0938<\/span> \u0918\u0930<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0939\u0930<\/span> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/span> \u092c\u095c\u0940<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0901<\/span> \u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u091c<\/span> \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u092c\u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0940\u0902<\/span>\u0964 \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u0918\u0930<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u092d\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0925\u093e<\/span>, <\/span>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/span> \u0915\u094b\u0908<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0925\u093e<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0939\u093e\u0925<\/span> \u091a\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0940<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/span> \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u091c<\/span>, <\/span>\u0928\u093f\u0903\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/span> 4: <\/span> \u0935\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u0916\u094b<\/span> \u0917\u090f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0905\u092c<\/span> \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span> \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f<\/span> \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

\u091c\u094b<\/span> \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u0924\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0942<\/span> \u092a\u0930<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0924\u094b\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092a\u091f\u0915<\/span> \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>…. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u091b\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0947<\/span>–<\/span>\u091b\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0947<\/span> \u0939\u094b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u0932\u094c\u091f<\/span> \u0906\u0908<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917<\/span>:<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924<\/span> \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/span> \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/span> 12′<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0921\u094b\u0917\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span>‘ <\/span>\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0907\u0928<\/span> \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f<\/span> \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u092a\u0930<\/span> \u0926\u0941\u0916<\/span> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span>;<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093f<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947<\/span> \u0935\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u0916\u094b<\/span> \u0917\u090f<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u0964 \u0905\u092c<\/span> \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f<\/span> \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940<\/span>‘ (<\/span>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924<\/span> \u092e\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0932<\/span> \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940<\/span>) <\/span>\u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930<\/span> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u0924\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0942<\/span> \u092a\u0930<\/span> \u0924\u094c\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span> (<\/span>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>) \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092b\u093f\u0930<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u092a\u091f\u0915<\/span> \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093f<\/span> \u0907\u0938<\/span> \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f\u0939\u0940\u0928<\/span> \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0935\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u092c\u093f\u0916\u0930\u0915\u0930<\/span> (\u091b\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0947<\/span>–\u091b\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0947<\/span> \u0939\u094b<\/span>) \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u094c\u091f<\/span> \u0906\u0908<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/span> 5 <\/span> \u0938\u092c<\/span> \u0915\u0941\u091b<\/span> \u092c\u0926\u0932<\/span> \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924<\/span>, <\/span>\u092a\u0917\u0921\u0902\u0921\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0918\u0930<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0936\u0947\u0937<\/span> \u092c\u091a\u0940\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0906\u091c<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0942\u0901<\/span> \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span><\/p>\n

\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u0916<\/span> \u092a\u093e\u090a\u0901<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u0909\u0928<\/span> \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u091c\u094b<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947<\/span> \u0939\u094b<\/span> \u0938\u0915\u0947<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0942\u0901<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0917\u0932\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u091c\u0928<\/span> \u0928<\/span> \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0942\u0901<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0915\u094b\u0908<\/span> \u0938\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f<\/span> \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0915\u093f<\/span> \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0940<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u091b\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0947<\/span> \u091b\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0947<\/span> \u0939\u094b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0932\u094c\u091f<\/span> \u091c\u093e\u090f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0926\u0939\u0932\u0940\u091c<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span>…. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u091a<\/span> \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e<\/span> \u0921\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0942\u0901<\/span> \u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917<\/span>:<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924<\/span> \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/span> \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/span> 12′ <\/span>\u092e\u0947\u0902 <\/span>\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0921\u094b\u0917\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span>‘ <\/span>\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e<\/span> \u092d\u093e\u0917<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>, <\/span>\u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/span> \u092a\u0930<\/span> \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924<\/span> \u092d\u092f<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span>:<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0907\u0938<\/span> \u092c\u093e\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093f<\/span> \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932<\/span>, <\/span>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924<\/span>, <\/span>\u092a\u0917\u0921\u0902\u0921\u0940<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0918\u0930<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span>\u2014<\/span>\u0938\u092c<\/span> \u0915\u0941\u091b<\/span> \u092c\u0926\u0932<\/span> \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>, <\/span>\u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0905\u092c<\/span> \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932<\/span> \u0935\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902<\/span> \u0939\u0940<\/span> \u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940<\/span> \u092c\u091a\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0935\u0939<\/span> \u0906\u091c<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span> (\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span>) <\/span>\u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0936<\/span> \u0915\u0930<\/span> \u0930\u0939\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>, <\/span>\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f<\/span> \u0935\u0947<\/span> \u0909\u0928<\/span> \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u0916<\/span> \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u091c\u094b<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947<\/span> \u092c\u0928<\/span> \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0921\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093f<\/span> \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/span> \u0935\u0939<\/span> \u0917\u0932\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f<\/span> \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940<\/span>‘ (<\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0932<\/span> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span>) \u091c\u0928<\/span> \u0928<\/span> \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0942\u0901<\/span> (<\/span>\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e<\/span> \u0928<\/span> \u0926\u0947<\/span> \u0926\u0942\u0901<\/span>)\u0964<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/span> \u0921\u0930<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span> \u0915\u093f<\/span> \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940<\/span> \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0940<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u092c\u093f\u0916\u0930\u0915\u0930<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940<\/span> \u091a\u094c\u0916\u091f<\/span> (\u0926\u0939\u0932\u0940\u091c<\/span>) <\/span>\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u093e\u0925<\/span> \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938<\/span> \u0928<\/span> \u0932\u094c\u091f<\/span> \u091c\u093e\u090f<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e<\/span> \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0947<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/span> \u092d\u092f<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0915<\/span>) <\/span>\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917<\/span> 40 <\/span>\u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span> \u0926\u0947\u0902<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/span> 1. ‘<\/span>\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span>‘ <\/span>\u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0938\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947<\/span> \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u0916\u094b<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f<\/span> \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u0907\u0938<\/span> \u092c\u093e\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0905\u095e\u0938\u094b\u0938<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span> \u0915\u093f<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924<\/span> \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0924\u0930\u0939<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u091f\u0942\u091f<\/span> \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0907\u0938<\/span> \u092c\u093e\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u095e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span> \u0915\u093f<\/span> \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/span> \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u091f\u0942\u091f<\/span> \u0928<\/span> \u091c\u093e\u090f<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947<\/span> \u0916\u094b<\/span> \u0930\u0939\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f<\/span> \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/span> 2. ‘<\/span>\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span>‘ <\/span>\u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/span> \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/span> \u0924\u0915<\/span> \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span>‘ <\/span>\u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/span> \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0924\u0930\u0939<\/span> \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u092f\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span> \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u091c<\/span>, <\/span>\u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923<\/span> \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924<\/span>, <\/span>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> ‘<\/span>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f<\/span> \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0940<\/span>‘ (<\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0932<\/span>) \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u0924\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0942<\/span> \u092a\u0930<\/span> \u0924\u094c\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092a\u091f\u0915<\/span> \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0906\u091c<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> \u0909\u0928<\/span> \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0916\u094b\u091c<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/span> 3. ‘<\/span>\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span>‘ <\/span>\u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u092d\u093e\u0935<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u092d\u093e\u0935<\/span> \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u091c\u0924\u093e<\/span> (<\/span>\u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935<\/span>, <\/span>\u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932<\/span>) \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930<\/span>, <\/span>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0939\u094c\u0932<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947<\/span> \u0905\u092c<\/span> \u0924\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0942<\/span> \u092a\u0930<\/span> \u0924\u094c\u0932\u0947<\/span> \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0921\u0930<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span> \u0915\u093f<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/span> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940<\/span> \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u092d\u0940<\/span> \u092c\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0930<\/span> (\u091b\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0947<\/span>–\u091b\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0947<\/span>) \u0928<\/span> \u0926\u0947<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0935\u0939<\/span> \u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u093e\u0925<\/span> \u0932\u094c\u091f<\/span> \u091c\u093e\u090f<\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/span> 4. ‘<\/span>\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947<\/span> \u0930\u0902\u0917<\/span>‘ <\/span>\u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u094c\u0928<\/span>–<\/span>\u0915\u094c\u0928<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f<\/span> \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span>?<\/span><\/p>\n

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Download article as PDF \u092a\u093e\u0920 14: \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0930\u0902\u0917 (\u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e) – \u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0921\u094b\u0917\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936 1 \u0916\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u0917\u0921\u0902\u0921\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0935\u0939 \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0941\u091d \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 ‘\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 12′ \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0935\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0921\u094b\u0917\u0930\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[173,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-12th-hindi-notes","category-chapters-solutions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6102"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6300,"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6102\/revisions\/6300"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}