{"id":97,"date":"2022-08-08T08:18:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-08T02:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/staging\/6962\/?p=97"},"modified":"2025-12-08T19:26:04","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T13:56:04","slug":"%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a0-18-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a0-18-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092a\u093e\u0920 18 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937-\u092a\u0930\u0940: \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e (\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 8 \u0935\u0940\u0902 )"},"content":{"rendered":"
\r\n\t
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/form>\r\n\t
\r\n\t\tDownload article as PDF<\/a>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>

\u00a0\u092a\u093e\u0920 18 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937-\u092a\u0930\u0940: \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0932 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/span><\/p>\n

1. <\/span>\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0917\u092f\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0a06\u0a24\u0a2e\u0a35\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38<\/span> = <\/span>\u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0a35\u0a3f\u0a26\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c<\/span> =<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0a38\u0a2b\u0a32\u0a24\u0a3e<\/span> = <\/span>\u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0a05\u0a2e\u0a30\u0a40\u0a15\u0a3e<\/span> = <\/span>\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

\u0a38\u0a15\u0a42\u0a32<\/span> = <\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0a24\u0a15\u0a28\u0a40\u0a15\u0a40<\/span> = <\/span>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a41\u0a30\u0a42 <\/span>= <\/span>\u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0a2a\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a2f\u0a4b\u0a17\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a3e <\/span>=<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0a35\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a3e <\/span>=<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0a35\u0a3f\u0a05\u0a15\u0a24\u0a40 <\/span>=<\/span> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0a2e\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a24\u0a30 <\/span>= <\/span>\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0a05\u0a27\u0a3f\u0a15\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a40\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>= <\/span>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

2. <\/span>\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0917\u092f\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0a1c\u0a2e\u0a3e\u0a24 <\/span>= <\/span>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0a2c\u0a3e\u0a15\u0a40<\/span> = <\/span>\u0936\u0947\u0937 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0a35\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a39\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>=<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0a09\u0a21\u0a40\u0a15 <\/span>=<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0a2c\u0a41\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a09\u0a23\u0a3e<\/span> =<\/span> \u0928\u093f\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0a38\u0a3f\u0a16\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a08 <\/span>= <\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0a2e\u0a4c\u0a15\u0a3e <\/span>= <\/span>\u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0a2e\u0a3f\u0a39\u0a28\u0a24 <\/span>=<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/span><\/p>\n


\n<\/span>3. <\/span>\u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>= \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span> = <\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>= <\/span>\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u091d\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0935<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092c\u0930\u092c\u0938<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>= <\/span>\u091c\u092c\u0930\u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/span> = <\/span>\u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0908<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>= <\/span>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>= <\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/span>, <\/span>\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0905\u0926\u092e\u094d\u092f<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>= <\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932<\/span>, <\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0902\u0921<\/span>, <\/span>\u091c\u094b \u0926\u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0928 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947<\/span><\/p>\n

4. <\/span>\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0915) \u0938\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u0938\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0925\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/span>, <\/span>\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u092f<\/span>, <\/span>\u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0916) \u092c\u091a\u092a\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e<\/span>?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u092c\u091a\u092a\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0909\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0906\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/span> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0917) \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0915\u092c \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/span> \u0939\u0941\u0906<\/span>?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e <\/span>1<\/span> \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 <\/span>1961<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0932<\/span> \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0918) \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u092c \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0906 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0928\u094d <\/span>1983<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u093f\u092f\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0919) \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908<\/span>?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094b\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0932<\/span> \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0925\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091a\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0940\u0917\u0922\u093c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

5. <\/span>\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902:<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0915) \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u092c \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906<\/span>?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u092c\u091a\u092a\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/span> \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u095d\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092b\u093f\u0930 <\/span>19<\/span> \u0928\u0935\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 <\/span>1997<\/span> \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0938. \u091f\u0940. \u090f\u0938. <\/span>87<\/span> \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0916) \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0940<\/span>? <\/span>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e <\/span>16<\/span> \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 <\/span>2003<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 <\/span>‘<\/span>\u0915\u094b\u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span>‘ <\/span>\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u092b\u0930\u0935\u0930\u0940 <\/span>2003<\/span> \u0915\u094b <\/span>16<\/span> \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u094c\u091f \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964<\/span> \u0925\u093e<\/span>, <\/span>\u0924\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 <\/span>63<\/span> \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0927\u092e\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0915\u0930<\/span> \u092c\u093f\u0916\u0930 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0917) \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930- \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 <\/span>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938<\/span>, <\/span>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span>\u0964<\/span> \u092d\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0907\u0938<\/span> \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f:\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924<\/span> \u092c\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

6. <\/span>\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0925\u0947<\/span>?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0938\u093e\u0932<\/span> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 <\/span>?<\/span><\/p>\n

1978<\/span> = \u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0938\u0928\u094d <\/span>1978<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

1982<\/span> =\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0938\u0928\u094d <\/span>1982<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u091c \u091a\u0902\u0921\u0940\u0917\u095d<\/span> \u0938\u0947 \u0910\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0949\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

1984<\/span> = \u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0938\u0928\u094d <\/span>1984<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/span> \u0928\u0947 \u0910\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

1988<\/span> =<\/span> \u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0938\u0928\u094d <\/span>1988<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0921\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0910\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938<\/span> \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0940. \u090f\u091a. \u0921\u0940. \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

1994<\/span> =\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u0938\u0928\u094d <\/span>1994<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947<\/span> \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0928 \u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> 19<\/span> \u0928\u0935\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 <\/span>1997<\/span> \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

7. <\/span>\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0902:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u0915) \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923<\/span>– <\/span>\u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0916) \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/span>– \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0917) \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924<\/span>– \u091c\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0915\u093e\u091a\u094c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b<\/span> \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0935\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0918) \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e <\/span>– \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u091c \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u092a\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u0919) \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/span>– \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092d\u0917\u0926\u0921\u093c \u092e\u091a \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940<\/span>, <\/span>\u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0932\u0940-\u092d\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u091a) \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span>– \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u091c \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u091b) \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span>– \u0938\u0928\u094d <\/span>1997<\/span> \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>\u091c) \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930<\/span>– \u0906\u091c \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0918\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <\/span><\/p>\n

8<\/span>.<\/span> \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0947\/\u0932\u094b\u0915\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u0915) \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091a\u093e\u0939 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0930\u093e\u0939 <\/span>(\u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u092a\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091a\u093e\u0939 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0930\u093e\u0939\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u0916) \u0926\u0941\u0903\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0942\u092c \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e <\/span><\/span>(\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0926\u0941:\u0916\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e) \u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u0926\u0941:\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0942\u092c \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u0917) \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e <\/span><\/span>(\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e)- \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u0918) \u0916\u0941\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0920\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093e <\/span><\/span>(\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0916\u0941\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e) \u0906\u0920\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0941\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0920\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0964<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u0919) \u0926\u093f\u0932 \u0926\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e <\/span><\/span>(\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0903\u0916\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u092d\u092f\u092d\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e) – \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u095c\u0947 \u0936\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0932 \u0926\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

9. <\/span>\u0907\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u0915) \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0939\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>\u0905\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u0916) \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 <\/span><\/span>\u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/span><\/span> \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u0917) \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u0918) \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 <\/span><\/span>19<\/span><\/span> \u0928\u0935\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 <\/span><\/span>1997<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u095c\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u092d\u0930\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/span> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0905\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u0919) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u091a) \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0964 \u00a0 <\/span>\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u091b) \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0964\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10. <\/span>\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 :<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u0915)<\/span><\/span> \u0a07\u0a39 \u0a09\u0a38\u0a26\u0a3e \u0a2e\u0a28\u0a2a\u0a38\u0a70\u0a26 \u0a35\u0a40\u0a36\u0a3e \u0a38\u0a40 \u0964 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0928\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0925\u093e \u0964)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0916)<\/span><\/span> \u0a09\u0a39 \u0a06\u0a2a\u0a23\u0a47 \u0a2a\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a30 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a38\u0a2d \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a1b\u0a4b\u0a1f\u0a40 \u0a38\u0a40 \u0964 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0935\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0917)<\/span><\/span> \u0a15\u0a32\u0a2a\u0a28\u0a3e \u0a1a\u0a3e\u0a35\u0a32\u0a3e \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a38\u0a70\u0a17\u0a40\u0a24 \u0a2c\u0a39\u0a41\u0a24 \u0a2a\u0a38\u0a70\u0a26 \u0a38\u0a40\u0964 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0938\u0902\u0926 \u0925\u093e\u0964)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0918)<\/span><\/span> \u0a09\u0a39 \u0a1c\u0a39\u0a3e\u0a5b\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a28\u0a42\u0a70 \u0a09\u0a21\u0a3e\u0a09\u0a23 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a1a \u0a2a\u0a39\u0a3f\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a24\u0a4b\u0a02 \u0a39\u0a40 \u0a2e\u0a3e\u0a39\u0a3f\u0a30 \u0a38\u0a40 \u0964 <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0935\u0939 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u095c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0930 \u0925\u0940\u0964)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0919) <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0a05\u0a71\u0a1c \u0a35\u0a40 \u0a09\u0a39 \u0a38\u0a3e\u0a30\u0a3f\u0a06\u0a02 \u0a26\u0a47 \u0a26\u0a3f\u0a32\u0a3e\u0a02 \u0a24\u0a47 \u0a30\u0a3e\u0a1c \u0a15\u0a30\u0a26\u0a40 \u0a39\u0a48 \u0964 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>(<\/span>\u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Download article as PDF \u00a0\u092a\u093e\u0920 18 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937-\u092a\u0930\u0940: \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0932 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 1. \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0917\u092f\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902: \u0a06\u0a24\u0a2e\u0a35\u0a3f\u0a38\u0a3c\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a38 = \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0a35\u0a3f\u0a26\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c =\u00a0 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0a38\u0a2b\u0a32\u0a24\u0a3e = \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0a05\u0a2e\u0a30\u0a40\u0a15\u0a3e = \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u0a38\u0a15\u0a42\u0a32 = \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0a24\u0a15\u0a28\u0a40\u0a15\u0a40 = \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-8th-hindi-notes","category-chapters-solutions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=97"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4169,"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97\/revisions\/4169"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=97"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hindipunjab.com\/main-page\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=97"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}